{"id":604,"date":"2019-01-07T10:28:15","date_gmt":"2019-01-07T18:28:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/asandersgarcia.humspace.ucla.edu\/courses\/dh150w19\/?p=604"},"modified":"2019-01-10T08:30:55","modified_gmt":"2019-01-10T16:30:55","slug":"treaty-of-fort-stanwix-1768","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/asandersgarcia.humspace.ucla.edu\/courses\/dh150w19\/treaty-of-fort-stanwix-1768\/","title":{"rendered":"Treaty of Fort Stanwix, 1768"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Proceedings of Sir\nWilliam Johnson with the Indians at Fort Stanwix to settle a Boundary Line.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proceedings at a Treaty held by Sir William Johnson\nBaronet with the Six Nations, Shawnees, Delaware, Seneca of Ohio and other dependent\nTribes, at Fort Stanwix in the months of October & November 1768, for the\nsettlement of a Boundary Line between the Colonies and Indians, pursuant to His\nMajesty’s orders<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Time appointed for the Indians to meet at Fort Stanwix\nbeing the 20th<\/sup> of Septr<\/sup> Sr <\/sup>Wm<\/sup>Johnson\narrived there on the 19th<\/sup> accompanied by the Governor of New\nJersey and several other Gentlemen, with 20 Boats loaded with the Goods\nintended for the Present to be made by the Cession of Lands to the King. The\nCommissioners from Virginia were already there, and on the 21st<\/sup> arrived\nLieutt <\/sup>Govr <\/sup>Penn with Commrs<\/sup> from\nPennsylvania & several other gentlemen, The same day Messrs<\/sup> Wharton\n& Trent of Pennsylvania delivered in an account of the Traders losses in\n1763, together with their Powers of Attorney for obtaining a retribution in\nLands, pursuant to an article of the Treaty of Peace in 1765<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Several Indians came in & informed Sir Wm<\/sup> Johnson\nthat those of Susquehanna were near at hand, and gave him sundry intelligences<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the 29th<\/sup> some Delaware arrived from\nMuskingham who left the Shawnees at Fort Pitt on their way to Fort Stanwix<\/p>\n\n\n\n

30th<\/sup> The Bounds between the Mohawks and\nStockbridge Indians were adjusted to mutual Satisfaction, and the latter\nreturned home<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the beginning of October, there were 800 Indians\nassembled & continued coming in daily till after the Treaty was opened. The\nupper Nations still remaining behind thro’ evil Reports, and Belts sent amongst\nthem. Sir William dispatched Messengers to hasten them and held several\nCongresses with those on the spot, antecedent to the Treaty, for adjusting\ndifferences and preparing them to enter heartily upon business on the arrival\nof the rest<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the 15th of Octr <\/sup>Govr <\/sup>Penn\nurged by the Affairs of his Province set off for Philadelphia leaving behind\nhim as Commissioners Messrs<\/sup> Peters & Tilghman.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

By the 22d there were 2200 Indians collected and several\nlarge Parties coming in the next day, amongst whom were all the Chiefs of the\nupper Nations, Sir William prepared to open the Congress on the 24th<\/sup> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

At a Treaty with the\n6 Nations Shawnees Delaware, Seneca of Ohio & Dependents &c. opened at\nFort Stanwix on Monday the 24 Oct. 1768.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

PRESENT \u2014 Honble<\/sup> Sir Wm Johnson Bart\nSuperintdt<\/sup> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

His Excellcy <\/sup>Wm<\/sup> Franklin\nEsq re <\/sup>Govr<\/sup> of New Jersey<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Walker Esqre <\/sup>Commr<\/sup> from\nVirginia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Honble Fred. Smith [1]<\/sup> <\/a>Ch.\nJustice of New Jersey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Richd<\/sup> Peters & James Tilghman Commrs<\/sup> from\nthe Province of Pennsylvania.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Deputy Agents of Indian affairs<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

George Croghan Esqre<\/sup> Daniel Claus Esqre<\/sup> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Guy Johnson Esqre<\/sup> Dep: Agent as Secretary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

With sundry Gents: from different Colonies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Interpreters John Butler Esqre <\/sup>Mr<\/sup> Andrew\nMontour Philip Philips<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Indian Chiefs Present<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

MOHAWKS<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abraham Aroghiadecka Onohario Kanadagaya Kayenqueregoa\nKendrick Tobarihoga &c &c &c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ONONDAGAS<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Bunt Diaquanda Tawawshughti Tewawmit &c.\n&c. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

SENECAS<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Guastrax Odongot &c &c &c. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

ONEIDAS<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganaghquieson Senughsis Tagawaron Nicholasera Cajuheta\n&c &c &c. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

CAJUGAS<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tagaaia Atrawawna Skanarady &c &c &c <\/p>\n\n\n\n

TUSCARORAS<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saquarcesera Kanigot Tyagawehe &c &c &c <\/p>\n\n\n\n

MINGOS of Ohio SHAWANESE<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Benevissica<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DELAWARES<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Killbuck Turtleheart <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The whole being seated Mr<\/sup> Walker [1]<\/sup> <\/a>delivered\nhis Power, as Commr<\/sup> from Virginia to Sir William Johnson which\nwas in the words following <\/p>\n\n\n\n

“John Blair Esqre<\/sup> President of His\nMajesty’s Council & Commander in Chief of the Colony and Dominion of\nVirginia, To Thomas Walker Esqre<\/sup> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

By virtue of the Power & Authority to me committed as\nPresident of His Majesty\u2019s Council & Commander in Chief in and over this\nColony & Dominion of Virginia, I do hereby appoint you the said Thomas\nWalker to be Commissioner of Virginia to settle a Boundary Line between this\nColony, & the Colonies of Pennsylvania and Maryland & the several\nNations of Indians concerned. You are required to attend at a Congress to be\nheld for that purpose under the direction of Sir William Johnson agreeable to\nHis Majesty’s Instructions when you are to pay due regard to the Interest of\nHis Majesty & such Instructions as you shall receive<\/p>\n\n\n\n

JOHN BLAIR.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Messrs<\/sup> Peters &\nTilghman being likewise admitted as Commrs<\/sup> for Pensilvania, Sir\nWilliam, then by Abraham Chief of the Mohawks, addressed the Indians<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brethren<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I take you by the hand and heartily bid you all welcome to\nthis place where I have kindled a Council Fire for affairs of importance. The\nGovr<\/sup> of New Jersey and the Commrs<\/sup> of Virginia\n& Pensilvania do likewise welcome you here. Lieutt <\/sup>Govr <\/sup>Penn\ncame hither to meet you & waited a considerable time, but was at length by\nbusiness obliged to return home, leaving these Gentlemen as Commrs<\/sup> on\nbehalf of Pennsylvania<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Both the Govr<\/sup> & Gentlemen Commrs<\/sup> as\nwell as myself, having waited here a month to no purpose began to be impatient\nnever the less you see that their desire to meet you prevailed over every other\nconsideration and induced them to stay. I hope therefore that you are now come\nfully prepared and with Hearts well inclined to the great business for which we\nare convened, and in order to prepare you the better for these purposes, I do\nnow, agreeable to the ancient custom established by our Forefathers, proceed to\nthe ceremony of Condolence usual on these occasions<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And first: With this String of Wampum: I do, on behalf of\nHis Majesty & all His subjects wipe away the Tears from your eyes which you\nare constantly shedding for your late deceased Chiefs, and I clear your sight\nthat so you may look cheerfully at your Brethren, who are come from Several of\nthe Provinces to attend this General Congress ordered by His Majesty to be held\nby me; in order to settle some necessary points between him & you<\/p>\n\n\n\n

With this String I clear the Passage to your Hearts that\nyou may speak cheerfully and candidly on the several subjects which, during\nthis Congress, will be treated of, as well as to remove all sorrow &\nuneasiness from you<\/p>\n\n\n\n

With this last string I wipe away the blood of your\nfriends from off your Births, that you may on your return rest with Peace and\ncomfort on them Gave the 3 Strings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brethren<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am greatly concerned for the many losses you have\nsustained in your several Nations since our last meeting & sincerely\ncondole with you for them all 1. A Belt. Brethren<\/p>\n\n\n\n

With this Belt I light up, anew your several Council\nFires, that the Chiefs still remaining may upon all occasions sit comfortably\nby them and consult on the several matters, which may come before them.  A Belt<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brethren <\/p>\n\n\n\n

As I have by the former Belt kindled up your several\nCouncil Fires, I do now by this Belt desire, that you the Councilors will duly\nassemble, when the affairs of your nations require it, & then jealously\napply yourselves to every measure which may tend to your Peace and Interest. A\nBelt<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brethren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

With this Belt I dispel the darkness which for some time\npast hath overspread your several Countries, by reason of your many & great\nLosses, and now heartily wish you may enjoy a serene clear sky, so that\nyou may be able to see your Brethren from the Sun rising to the Sun setting. A.\nBelt<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brethren, <\/p>\n\n\n\n

As I would deal with all people in their own way, and that\nyour Ancestors have from the earliest time directed and recommended the\nobservation of a Set of Rules which they laid down for you to follow, I do now,\nagreeable to that custom, take of the clearest water and therewith cleanse your\ninside from all Filth and everything which has given you concern.  A Belt<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brethren <\/p>\n\n\n\n

I must desire that you Sachems & Councilors will, as occasions\nmay require consult with the Chieftains of your young men, as they are in\ngeneral men of sense and experience; and you Chieftains and Warriors to pay a\ndue regard to your Sachems and Councilors whose sage advice will seldom or\nnever be amiss. A Belt<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brethren <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In performing these ceremonies, I cannot omit this\nnecessary part, which is, that as there are but two Council Fires for your\nconfederacy, the one at my house and the other at Onondaga, I must desire that\nyou will always be ready to attend either of them, when called upon, by which\nmeans business will I hope, always be attended & properly carried on for\nour mutual Interest, and this I earnestly recommend to you all. A Belt<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brethren <\/p>\n\n\n\n

I must also advise you to be unanimous amongst yourselves &\nreside in your respective Countries, and not think of scattering or settling\namongst other Nations, as has been too much the Practice for some years past,\nto the great weakening of your confederacy.  A Belt<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brethren <\/p>\n\n\n\n

I give you a Pouch with a String of Wampum in it, which\nyou are to make use of when you here of the loss of any of the Confederacy, and\nrise up on such occasions without delay in order to condole for the same, and\nremove the concern thereby occasioned 3 Strings of Wampum<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brethren <\/p>\n\n\n\n

I now supply you with a torch or candle which you are to\ntravel with by night upon any extraordinary emergency, such as the approach of\nan enemy, in order to communicate the News with the utmost dispatch. 3\nStrings <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Nations gave the Yo-hah at the proper places, and the\nceremony of Condolence. Adjourned till next day. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

At a Congress with\nthe several Nations on Tuesday 25th <\/sup>Octr<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

PRESENT \u2014 as before. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Canaghquieson, Chief of Oneida, stood up & addressing\nall present, observd<\/sup> that the several American Governors had\nIndian Names, by which they were known to the Indians, the Governor of New\nJersey excepted; that he therefore thought it necessary to compliment him with\na name, which he did by bestowing his own name upon him, on which his\nExcellency Govr<\/sup> Franklin shook him by the hand &\nreturned him thanks. Then Canaghquieson proceeded to answer the ceremony of\nCondolence as follows <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brother <\/p>\n\n\n\n

We congratulate you, the Govr<\/sup> and the rest\nof the Gentlemen on your safe arrival at this Place, where we are heartily glad\nto meet you. Then after repeating what Sir William had said on the first\nstrings, yesterday, he said, they did on their parts wipe away the Tears which\ntheir Brothers the English were shedding for their losses as also the blood of\ntheir friends from their seats, cleansing their hearts that they may be able to\nattend the important affairs which were to be transacted. Gave 3 Strings <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then repeated all that Sir William had said on the Black\nBelts given at the Condolence for all which he returned thanks and said <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brother <\/p>\n\n\n\n

We are much concerned at the losses you have met with\nsince our last Congress, and we sincerely condole with you upon the occasion\nfor them all. A Belt of 9 Rows <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brother <\/p>\n\n\n\n

We thank you for rekindling our several Council Fires,\nwhereby we are enabled to proceed to business as formerly, and we shall\nendeavour to render our Meetings useful to the Public. A Belt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brother <\/p>\n\n\n\n

We thank you for the advice you give us, to assemble duly\nwhen the publick affairs require it, and we assure you that we will direct our\nthoughts, to the maintenance of Peace and good order. A Belt <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brother <\/p>\n\n\n\n

We are much obliged to you for dispelling the darkness\nthat surroundd<\/sup> our several Nations on account of our many\nlosses. This we take very kindly of you, as we were in great heaviness for some\ntime past, and all our Nations join in thanking you and performing the same on\ntheir parts. A Belt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brother <\/p>\n\n\n\n

We all express our thanks to you for the remembrance of\nour antient ceremonies. We consider them as the cement of our union, and as you\nhave cleansed us with water, we do in like manner take of the clearest running\nstream & wash your inside thoroughly therewith cleansing you from all\nimpurities A Belt <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brother <\/p>\n\n\n\n

We esteem the advice you have given our chiefs to consult\nthe young men as occasion may require, and your directions that they should on\ntheir parts pay due regard to us, and we shall observe whatever you have\nrecommended to us A Belt <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brother <\/p>\n\n\n\n

We are sensible that we have but two great Council Fires,\nthe one at your house, the other at Onondaga, We shall always be ready to\nattend at either for the public Good, and we hope that you will continue to be\nready to meet us often as the general Peace requires it A Belt <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brother, <\/p>\n\n\n\n

We give you thanks for recommending unanimity to us. We\nknow that our living together is necessary to our happiness and that it gives\nus strength We will follow your advice, and we recommend it to the English to\nbe unanimous in all good works A Belt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brother <\/p>\n\n\n\n

We are happy to find you so observant of our ancient\nCustoms, that you give us a string in a Pouch to make use of when we have\noccasion to communicate our losses and condole for them. We request you will be\nequally observant of these matters, that so our Grief may be timely and\nproperly removed A Belt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brother <\/p>\n\n\n\n

We also give you many thanks for supplying us with a Torch\nto travel with on emergencies. We assure that we shall make proper use of it,\n& communicate every necessary intelligence to you. All the six Nations,\nwith the Shawnees, Delaware, & all their dependents as far as to the great\nPlains of Scioto, give you thanks for your good words which were a cordial to\nthem, and they all request that you will continue in the same good sentiments.\n3 Strings <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Ceremony of condolence being ended Sir William gave\nthem a short exhortatn<\/sup> after which the Chiefs arose and shook\nhand with Govr<\/sup> Franklin & Canaghquieson addressing him\nsaid, that as he had given him his own name, the hoped that the would endeavour\nto acquire as much reputation with it amongst the People as he had done The\nGovernor returned them many thanks <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then adjourned till the day following. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

At a Congress\nWednesday Oct. 26.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

PRESENT \u2014 as before <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conoghquieson stood up and said that the Six Nations not\nbeing satisfied with his having given his own name to Goverr<\/sup> Franklin\nhad met upon it, and in testimony of their sense of his, and his Peoples\njustice in causing the murderers of some Indians to be put to death within his\nGovernment did now confer upon him the name of Sagorighweyoghsta, [1]<\/sup> <\/a>or\nthe Great Arbiter or Doer of Justice, wishing that he and the people of his\nGovernment might continue to act with the same Justice they had hitherto done.\nWhereupon Govr<\/sup> Franklin returned them thanks for the favor and\nassured them both himself and the people of his Government would upon all\noccasions manifest their esteem for the Indians and their inclination to do\nthem justice Then Sir William addressed them Brethren We have now mutually pe<\/sup>rformed\nthe Ceremony of Condolence as a proof of the regard we have for the Customs of\nour Ancestors & of the concern we feel for each other\u2019s losses, I think it\nhighly necessary in the next place that we farther strengthen the Union between\nus and with that view I do therefore by this Belt in the name of your Father\nthe great King of England, in behalf of all his American Subjects renew &\nconfirm the Covenant Chain subsisting between us, strengthening it, and rubbing\noff any rust which it may have contracted that it may appear bright to all\nNations as a proof of our love and Friendship, & I hope that all of you,\nsensible of the advantages of this union, will after the example of the English\nhave it always before you, & keep it fast that it may remain firm and\nunshaken, so long as Grass shall grow or waters run<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Belt of the Covt<\/sup> Chain. 15 Rows with human\nfigures at each end. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brethren <\/p>\n\n\n\n

I persuade myself that you are all sensible of the\nBenefits which result from our strict Union, & that havg<\/sup> it\nalways before your eyes, you will be careful in preserving it. This will\nprotect you from all dangers, & secure to you the blessings of Peace, and\nthe advantages of Commerce with a people able to supply all your wants. And as\nthis is a consideratn<\/sup> of much importance, which depends on the\nfriendship subsisting between us & a free open and safe Communication for\nall our people to you, I do now by this Belt clear the Rivers & Paths\nthroughout our respective countries, of all obstructions removing Trees out of\nour Creeks & Logs Briars & Rubbish out of our Roads, that our Canoes\nmay pass along without danger and that our people may travel freely &\nsecurely by night or by day without any risk or impediment whatsoever \u2014 And I\nrecommend it to you all to contribute to this good work, & to assist in\nkeeping it free and open to the latest Posterity. A Large Belt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brethren <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hearken to me who have good words to speak to you, such as\nare for the benefit of your whole confederacy and of your children yet\nunborn. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

You all remember that three years ago I signified to you\nHis Majesty\u2019s desire to establish a Boundary Line between his people and yours and\nthat we then agreed together how some part of that Line should run, whenever,\nthe same came to be settled. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

You all, I am hopeful, recollect the Reasons I then gave\nyou for making such a Boundary never the less I shall again repeat them. You\nknow Brethren that the encroachments upon your Lands have been always one of\nyour principal subjects of complaint, and that so far as it could be done\nendeavors have not been wanting for your obtaining Redress. But it was a\ndifficult Task, and generally unsuccessful \u2014 for although’ the Provinces have\nbounds between each other, there are no certain Bounds between them & you,\nAnd thereby not only several of our people ignorant in Indian Affairs have\nadvanced too far into your country, but also many of your own people through\nthe want of such a Line have been deceived in the Sales they have made or in\nthe limits they have set to our respective claims This, Brethren, is a sad\nCase, which has frequently given us much trouble, and turned many of your\nheads; but it is likely to continue so until some Bounds are agreed to, fixed\nupon and made public between us. The Great the good King of England my master,\nwhose friendship and tender regard for your Interests I wish you may ever hold\nin remembrance has amongst other Instances of his Goodness after long\ndeliberation on some means for your relief, and for preventing future disputes\nconcerning Lands, at length resolved upon fixing a general Boundary Line\nbetween his subjects and you, and that in such a manner as shall be most agreeable\nto you, in consequence of which I have received his Royal commands to call you\ntogether for the establishment thereof, and after conferring with the\nGovernments interested hereupon, you now see before you the Govr<\/sup> of\nthe Jerseys, the Commissioners on behalf of Aseregoa, Govr<\/sup> of\nVirginia & Commissioners from Pennsylvania in order to give you the\nstrongest assurances on behalf of the respective Governments of their\nResolutions to pay due regard to what shall be now entered into, the presence\nof so many great men will give a sanction to the transaction and cause the same\nto be known as far as the English Name extends \u2014 His Majesty has directed me to\ngive you a handsome proof of his Generosity proportiond<\/sup> to the\nnature and extent of what Lands shall fall to him \u2014 Upon the whole I hope that\nyour deliberations will be unanimous & your Resolutions such as His Maty\nmay consider as proofs of your gratitude for all his favors \u2014 A fine New Belt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Importance of this affair now before us requires the\nmost serious attention. I will not burthen you with any other subject until\nthis is generally settled, and therefore we shall adjourn, that you may have\ntime to think of it and come fully prepared to give an agreeable answer <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then Abraham Chief of the Mohawks after repeating what Sir\nWilliam had said addressed him <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brother <\/p>\n\n\n\n

We give you thanks for what you have said to us at this\ntime, it is a weighty affair, and we shall agreeable to your desire take it\ninto our most serious consideration <\/p>\n\n\n\n

We are glad that so many great men are assembled to bear\nwitness of the transaction and we are now resolved to retire and consult on a\nproper answer to be given to all you have said, & so soon as we have agreed\nupon it, we shall give you notice that we may again assemble, and make it known\nto you and we are all much obliged to you that you have directed us to attend\nto this great affair alone at this time that our minds might not be burthened\nor diverted from it by attending to anything else. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then Conoghquieson addressed the whole and desired that\nthe several Nations might look towards the Onondagas who would appoint him a\ntime and place for taking the matter into consideration <\/p>\n\n\n\n

After which adjourned <\/p>\n\n\n\n

P M. Sir William met the Nanticokes with Captain Ogden and\nexplained to them the affair of the Sale of their Lands of which the approved,\nas well as of the price which [is] 666 Dollars & two thirds \u2014 Mr<\/sup> Ogden\nthen delivered an account of his expenses which amounted to \u00a3 100.9.9 Curcy<\/sup> so\nthat a balance of 415 Dollars or \u00a3 166.2.3 Currency remains due by said Ogden\nwhich he is to pay to the Chief of the Nanticokes as soon as may be and then\nthey are to impower him to dispose of the remainder of their Land in\nMaryland <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thursday the 27th<\/sup> Deiaquande Chieftain of\nthe Onondagas with 86 arrived and came immediately to Sir Williams Quarters to\npay him the usual compliments which having returned he ordered them paint,\nPipes, Tobacco & a dram around and dismissed them <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Friday the 28th<\/sup> \u2014 The weather being cold\nSir William clothed the old Chiefs of every Nation for which they returned many\nthanks & told them that he now enabled them to meet and consider of the\nGreat affair before them with pleasure, and assured him that they would\nendeavour to do everything for the best, and that with the utmost expedition \u2014\nThey told Sir William that they were yesterday employed in hearing news brought\nthem by the Shawnees and receiving the Belts, that this day they would take\ninto consideration the Boundary Line, and seriously deliberate thereon as they\nwere determined to make it binding <\/p>\n\n\n\n

At a Congress with\nthe several Nations on Friday the 28th<\/sup> day of October 1768<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

PRESENT \u2014 as before <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Indians continued in private Council till 4 P. M. when\nthey sent to let Sir William know, that they would be glad to speak with him:\nbeing all seated the Speaker addressed Sir William <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brother <\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have been for some time deliberating on what you said\nconcerning a Line between the English and us, & we are sensible it would be\nfor our mutual advantage if it were not transgressed, but daily experience\nteaches us that we cannot have any great dependence on the white People, and\nthat they will forget their agreements for the sake of our Lands \u2014 However you\nhave said so much to us upon it that we are willing to believe more favorably\nin this case. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brother <\/p>\n\n\n\n

You remember when we spoke last concerning this Boundary,\nthat we did not agree about the way it should run from Oswegy [1]<\/sup> <\/a>\u2014\nThis is a point that must now be settled for to what purpose could it be to\ndraw a Line between us & the country of Virginia & Pennsylvania whilst\nthe way to our Towns lay open We would therefore know what you intend to\npropose as a Boundary to the Northward that we take it into consideration and\nwe shall be glad that you explain it fully to us, that no mistake may be made\non either side. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

To which Sir William answered, <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brothers <\/p>\n\n\n\n

I have attended to what you say and do admit that it is\nreasonable the Line should be closed, & I persuade myself that His Maty\nwill approve of it All these things I had in consideration before, & I\nrecommended the Line to you generally at first according to your own practice\nas an Introduction to the rest and in order to render the whole clear &\nplain to you, I have prepared a Map on which the Country is drawn large &\nplain which will enable us both to judge better of these matters. I would\ntherefore recommend it to you to send the Chiefs of each Nation to my Quarters\nwhere I shall lay the Map before them & confer with them upon it <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Speaker then thanked Sir William for what he had said\nwhich they all greatly approved of, in consequence of which the Chiefs of each\nNation came soon after to his Quarters when Sir William laid a Map on the Table\n& after explaining to them the nature of his orders & the desires of\nGovernment he spoke as follows <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brothers <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is the Map of which I spoke to you, where all that Country which is the subject of our meeting is faithfully laid down. The Line here described between the Kanawha River & Oswegy1 was what we spoke about \u2014 The King has not fixed upon any particular place to continue it to It therefore remains for me to obtain a continuation of that Line which will be secure to you and advantageous to us on which subject we now meet \u2014 I have likewise to observe to you that the piece of Land in the Forks of Susquehanna is very much desired by the Commissioners from Pennsylvania and would be more advantageous to them than to you, besides as it is or will be soon partly surrounded by Settlements it will be a very difficult matter to get any people to go far to the Northward, & leave such Land as it were behind them \u2014 I would therefore propose, the Bounds from Fort Pitt be continued up to the Ohio to Moghulbughilum Creek. Thence up that Creek & along the eight mile Carrying Place to the West Branch of Susquehanna thence along that River to the Allegany Ridge. Thence along that Ridge of Mountains to the Cayuga Branch & down the same to the Great East Branch of Susquehanna, from thence up that East Branch to Oswegy, from whence it can be run Eastward to the Delaware River, which is very near it at that Place and for that part of this additional Cession which will fall to Mr<\/sup> Penn, you will receive a large & handsome consideration over and besides His Majesty\u2019s Royal Bounty And as to the continuation of that Line from the Delaware so as to close it, I must desire to hear what yourselves think & I expect that your Resolutions will be advantageous to us, & that you will make proper allowance for the increase of our People whereby you will recommend yourselves to the King, and become so pleasing to his subjects that it will greatly contribute to the due observance of the Boundary Line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

To which the Speaker made the following answer <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brother <\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have hearkened to all that you have said and we thank\nyou for your advice which we believe is well intended \u2014 But this is a great\nCession of Land which will require much thought and attention and therefore we\nshall defer the consideration of it till tomorrow <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brother <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Before we answer you about the continuation of the Line we\nmust say something to you concerning the extent of it to the Southward which we\nfind is no further than Kanawha River. Now Brother, you, who know all our\naffairs, must be sensible that our Rights go much farther to the Southward and\nthat we have a very good & clear Title to the Lands as far as the Cherokee\nRiver which we cannot allow to be right of any other Indians without doing\nwrong to our Posterity and acting unworthy those Warriors who fought &\nconquered it. We therefore expect this our Right will be considered. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brother <\/p>\n\n\n\n

We are now to speak about continuing the Line as you said\nfrom Delaware so as to close it, and you recommend it to us to give you plenty\nfor the people <\/p>\n\n\n\n

We were formerly generous & gave the white people in\nmany places Lands when they were too poor to buy them. We have often had bad\nReturns. Nevertheless, we would still act generously and mean to do as much as\nwe can without ruining our Children <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brother <\/p>\n\n\n\n

You know that the country from Oswegy [1]<\/sup> <\/a>quite\nto Oswego is full of our Towns & Villages and that it is very dear to us so\nthat we cannot be expected to part with what lies at our Doors, besides your\npeople are come already too close to us. We therefore think that the Line\nshould run up the Delaware to the Swamp & from that run across to the\nGovernors (Cosbys Land) and then go away to Lake George which we cannot but\nthink a fair offer <\/p>\n\n\n\n

To which Sir Wm<\/sup> answered <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brothers <\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have heard what you said and shall answer it. In the\nfirst place I acknowledge to have heard of your claim to the Southward before\nthis time The King does not deny your claims He is not thoroughly acquainted\nwith the exact extent of them and finding that they may be liable to some\ndispute with the Southern Indians, he being an enemy to strife directed the\nLine to be run in the manner he thought least liable to it. But of this I shall\ntake further notice to you having no[w] to speak to you in answer to the course\nyou have proposed for continuing the Line from Delaware <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brothers <\/p>\n\n\n\n

I know very well how you are situated and it is not His Majesty\u2019s\ninclination to disturb you therein, at the same time you should consider what\nis reasonable on your parts and that the Lands are even patented further than\nyou propose the Line, and that the more people are confined the more readily\nwill the transgress the bounds so that I must desire you to think the better of\nit and speak more favorably at our next meeting, till when I shall propose\nnothing further, as I could not consistently propose any other Line than such\nas would bring us to or near Lake Ontario. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

They then withdrew taking with them a Map in order to\nconsider the affair in private. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

At night Sir William had a private conference with the Chiefs\nof the most Influence with whom he made use of every argument to bring matters\nto an agreeable issue <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saturday Oct 29th<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Indians continued in Council all the forenoon the Chiefs having given the Belts to the Warriors for their opinion concerning the Boundary; several of the Indians particularly the Oneidas gave great obstruction to the business, and Sir William heard that a clergyman sent by Mr Wheelock from New England who had delivered him a memorial on the 14th instant “praying that the Line might not be extended far North or West but the Lands reserved for the purposes of Religion” was very busy amongst the Indians for that purpose. Information was likewise given to Sir William this morning that this Clergyman had in conversations with Coll Fitch Mr Peters junior and others told them that he had done what he could to oppose the Cession of Territory, and would continue to obstruct it to the utmost of his Power, and that he had shewed the Indians the folly of giving up their Lands & cautioned them against it before he left Oneida <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sir William this day clothed several of the Chiefs with\nwhom he had several conferences the Majority of them continued in Council\ntogether to consider farther on the speeches made to them in the afternoon the\nOnondaga & Mohawk Chiefs with several others waited on Sir William with a\nMessage from the whole, importing that as it was a very weighty &\ninteresting affair it required some further consideration they therefore\nrequested that he and the Gentlemen with him would wait with patience till Monday\nmorning when they hoped to be able to give an answer <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sir William told them that he was really become very\nimpatient through the delays which was given to business, that the security of\ntheir Lands depended upon their dispatch and the freedom of the Cession \u2014 That\nhe would however wait till Monday, when he hoped to hear from them something\nthat might make up for their delays <\/p>\n\n\n\n

At night several of the Chiefs came to Sir Williams\nQuarters to let him know the purport of Intelligence and Belts received from\nthe Shawnees, which was that according to the old agreement subsisting between\nthe several Indian Nations, they were all to unite and attack the English as\nsoon as the latter became formidable to them. That several of the Nations to\nthe South and West greatly alarmed at the Power and increase of the English and\nirritated at the ill treatment they had met with had expressed a desire to meet\nthe rest to deliberate on what was to be done. That the Spaniards & French\nhad for a long time urged them to take up arms and given them repeated\nassurances of a powerful assistance That they had now called them to a meeting\nat the Mississippi near the mouth of the Ohio for that purpose. That they had\nsent many Belts among the Indians, a great part of whom were just ready to set\nout when Sir Williams message came to them, and that they waited the event of\nthe Treaty at Fort Stanwix before they would come to any further resolution\nwith a variety of other particulars all tending to corroborate the former\nIntelligence received by Sir William Johnson <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the morning the Indians again met in Council, when the\nWarriors came and laid before their Sachems the result of their deliberations\nyesterday concerning the Northern part of the Line who directed four of their\nSachems viz Tyaruruante, Ganaquieson, Tyeransera, and Tagawaron to wait on Sir\nWilliam and communicate the same which was, that the Line should run from\nOriscany to Tianderhah, and\ndown that River to the Susquehanna, thence in a straight Line to the Hills, and\nso to the Delaware Branch & down the same to Oswegy, thence\ndown the Susquehanna to Shamokin, and so along the West Branch of that River to\nKittanning declaring they would not part with any Lands to the Westward of\nOriscany or down towards Wyoming or the Great Island, as they reserved that\npart of the Country for their Dependents. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Sir William finding that some busy persons had been\nalarming those Nations most immediately affected by the Line, and that many\nothers could be induced to settle it more advantageously he in a long and warm\nspeech to the Chiefs shewed them that the Line was not proposed to injure them,\nbut that for a handsome consideration it was intended to obtain a Cession of as\nmuch Land as would give the people Room on the Frontiers ascertaing<\/sup> the\nBoundary at the same time between them \u2014 that with the help of proper Laws it\nwould not be liable to intrusion \u2014 that the Line proposed at Oriscany\ninterfered with a patent granted above sixty years ago now in possession of\nsome Gentlemen at New York the Indian Deed for which, he had before shewn them\nThat these Gentlemen and all others concerned would have reason to blame him\nfor agreeing to lines so injurious to their Rights, and that the continuance of\na line from thence in the manner that they proposed would in many places\napproach so near to our settlements, as to render its duration very uncertain\nfrom the great increase of our people, whereas by giving them more room the\nBoundary would be so well known, and secured by Laws before there would be\noccasion to invade it, that people would act with extreme caution and rather go\nto other unsettled parts than attempt to transgress an agreement so well\ndefended \u2014 That it had been long in agitation and was now according to their\nown desires ordered by His Majesty to be settled, as the surest means of\nputting an end to Land Disputes, and that if they rejected this opportunity now\noffered them and drew the Line so as to interfere with Grants, or approach almost\nto our settlements, he could not see that anything more effectual could\nthereafter be proposed for preventing encroachments, and the Crown after being\nalready at a very heavy expense on this occasion must find its good intentions\nand reasonable proposals totally defeated. He therefore recommended it to them\nto consider this point farther, and as his Majesty\u2019s Bounty, or that of the Colony\u2019s\nwould be proportioned to the extent of their Cession, a rule which he should\nobserve upon this occasion \u2014 That he hoped for a more favorable Answer as it\nwould be more to their immediate advantage and would tend to the better\nobservance of the Line hereafter. After these and many other arguments, &\nfarther explaining the several courses laid down on the draft, they agreed to\ntake the Map back to their Council Hutt for farther consideration, promising to\nuse their Interest with the rest for a more favorable Line then withdrew Sir\nWilliam assuring them at parting that they should be particularly rewarded for\ntheir services or endeavors to shew the Indians the reasonableness of the\nrequisition. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

At night Tagawaron returned with the Map to Sir William,\ninformed him that they were then debating on the subject but much divided in\nopinion, and added that he thought his Nation disagreeably circumstanced the rest\nhaving thrown so much of the transaction to the Northward on their hands,\nnevertheless he would do all he could to obtain a more favorable\nsettlement <\/p>\n\n\n\n

After which Sir William had many other private conferences\nwhich occupied a great part of the night \u2014 In particular Six Chiefs of the\nOneidas, came to him at nine of the clock at night and they very much doubted\nthe validity of the purchase above Orisca \u2014 But through Sr<\/sup>Williams\nsolicitations and to shew their good disposition towards completing the work in\nhand, they would agree that the Line should run from the Susquehanna North\nacross at Fort Newport near Fort Stanwix where the Boats are launched, and from\nthence to the Northwest corner of the late purchase for Lord Holland &\nothers \u2014 Sir William thanked them for the Amendments but told them that he\ncould not think it would answer, that it did not even include the carrying\nplace, and therefore desired them again to consider the matter and that as they\ncould extend it much farther to the westward without any sensible\ninconvenience, he expected they would do so, for which their Nation, over and\nbesides the rest should have five hundred Dollars & a handsome present for\neach of the Chiefs. \u2014 They promised to use their best endeavors for that\npurpose & withdrew <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Monday. Oct 31st<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At 10 A M. The Oneidas returned to Sir Williams Quarters,\nand told him that their people positively refused to agree to any other Line\nthan they had proposed the last night, & that as Game began to grow scarce\nin their neighborhood, they had come to a Resolution to keep the carrying Place\nto the Canada Creek in their hands, as by keeping Horses and Carriages there as\nthey proposed to do for the future to carry over the Traders Goods, they might\nearn somewhat for the support of their families. Sir William answered that\nhe thought it somewhat extraordinary that they should enter into such a\nResolution on the sudden having totally neglected carrying goods for so many\nyears \u2014 That if they gave it up they might still reap benefits from a high road\nopen to all provided they had horses & Carriages as reasonable as other\npeople, but that their keeping it to themselves would occasion many disputes\nbetween them and the white people, which His Maty was so very desirous of\npreventing and had fallen upon the Boundary as the means of doing so. That they\nshould not stop at what was but a Trifle to them, tho’ so advantageous &\nnecessary to the English and that he wished they would so act as to shew their\nlove and respect for the King & friendship for his Subjects \u2014 That the\nGovernor and People of New York had reason to expect much more from them and\nthat they had left it to him to urge these matters to them as thinking\nCommissioners unnecessary when he was to conduct the Congress. He hoped that\nthis would be a farther consideration and desired them to act a part proper on\nthe Occasion <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The thereupon withdrew to consult further upon it. They\nshortly after returned and said that Sir William had been so desirous to have\nthe Bounds further extended the last and only thing they could say was, that\nprovided they were allowed an equal use of the carrying Place with the English\nand to be paid Six Hundred Dollars to the Tribes over and besides the several\nFees which were given in private, they should extend the Line to Canada Creek\nSir William finding it best not to urge this matter farther told them that he\nacquiesced for the present leaving it to be confirmed or rejected by His\nMajesty They answered that they considered and unanimously resolved that\nwhatever Boundary Line was now agreed to should be forever binding &\nconclusive on both sides \u2014 That no province should on any pretense invade the\nLine and that whatever transaction might thereafter be necessary should be with\nthe King or those by him directed to treat with them. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A Messenger then arrived to call them to attend the\nconsultation about the rest of the line <\/p>\n\n\n\n

At night Canaquieson came to inform Sir William that they had further considered the general subject of the Line & would send a Chief & Warrior from each Nation with their final resolves which they would deliver in public the next day – They accordingly came to Sir Williams Quarters, when Sir William told them, he hoped they were now come with such an answer as would be pleasing to all Parties. The Map being then laid before them, they said, that what they had to say was the final resolves of all the Nations, then said at the same time, tracing it on the Map that they would agreeable to their just Claims begin the Line at the mouth of the Cherokee River, then go along to the South East side of the Ohio to Kittanning, from thence to the Head of the West Branch of Susquehanna thence down the same to Bald Eagle Creek thence across the River at Tiadaghta Creek below the great Island, thence by a straight Line to Burnett’s Hills and along the same to the mouth of Awanda Creek on the West Side of the East Branch of Susquehanna, thence up the stream thereof to Oswegy, [<\/sup><\/a>thence Eastward to the Delaware River, thence up the stream thereof till they come opposite to the mouth of Tianaderah Creek emptying into Susquehanna, thence up the West side of Tianaderrah to the head of its Westerly Branch, and from thence to the mouth of Canada Creek on Wood Creek. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

This they delivered as their final determinations subject\nto several conditions for the security of their possessions and engagements\nentered into, and for that part which would fall within Mr<\/sup> Penn\u2019s\nGovt<\/sup> they insisted on having 10,000 Dollars Sir William told\nthem he would take the matter into consideration and would assemble them all\ntomorrow and after parting conferred with the Commissioners of Pensilvania\nconcerning the same who approvd<\/sup> it, and agreed to the consideration\non behalf of the Proprietors. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

At a General Congress\nwith the several Nations at Fort Stanwix Tuesday Nov 1st<\/sup>1768<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

PRESENT \u2014 as at the former Meetings <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Being all seated they desired to know whether Sir William\nwas prepared to hear them, and on being answered in the affirmative, the\nspeaker stood up and spoke as follows <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brother <\/p>\n\n\n\n

We are hopeful that you will not take it amiss that we\nhave delayed till now our public answer on the subject you recommended to us,\nThis was a great and weighty matter requiring long deliberation, and should not\nbe undertaken lightly \u2014 We have accordingly considered it, and are now come to\ngive you our final resolutions thereon, to which we beg your attention <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brother <\/p>\n\n\n\n

We remember that on our first Meeting with you, when you\ncame with your ship we kindly received you, entertained you, entered into an\nalliance with you, though we were then great & numerous and your people\ninconsiderable and week and we know that we entered into a Covenant Chain with\nyou and fastened your ship therewith, but being apprehensive the Bark would\nbreak and your ship be lost we made one of iron, and held it fast that it\nshould not slip from us, but perceiving the former chain was liable to rust; We\nmade a silver chain to guard against it Then, Brother, you arose, renewed that\nchain which began to look dull, and have for many years taken care of our\naffairs by the command of the Great King, & you by your labors have\npolished that chain so that it has looked bright and is become known to all Nations,\nfor all which we shall ever regard you and we are thankful to you in that you\nhave taken such care of these great affairs of which we are always mindful, and\nwe do now on our parts renew and strengthen the Covenant Chain by which we will\nabide so long as you shall preserve it strong & bright on your part. A\nBelt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brother <\/p>\n\n\n\n

We are glad that you have opened the River and cleared the\nRoads as it is so necessary to us both. We were promisd<\/sup> that\nwhen the war was over, we should have Trade in plenty, Goods cheap and honest\nmen to deal with us and that we should have proper persons to manage all this.\nWe hope that these promises will never be forgot but that they will be fully\nperformed that we shall feel the benefits of an intercourse between us \u2014 that the\nRoads and waters may be free and open to us all to go to the Southward, or for\nour friends from thence with whom we are now at peace to visit us, that we may\nhave proper persons in our Countries to manage affairs and smiths to mend our\narms and implements \u2014 and in the expectation of this, we do, now on our parts\nopen the Roads and waters, and promise to assist in keeping them so. A\nBelt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then after repeating all that had been said concerning the\nLine proceeded <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brother <\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have long considered this proposal for a Boundary between us, and we think it will be of good consequence if you on your parts pay due regard to it, and we in consequence thereof have had sundry Meetings amongst ourselves and with you and from all that you have said to us thereon, we have at length come to a final resolution concerning it, and we hope that what is now agreed upon shall be inviolably observed on your parts as we are determined it shall be on ours and that no further attempts shall be made on our Lands but that this Line, be considered as final and we do now agree to the Line we have marked upon your Map, now before you on certain conditions on which we have spoken and shall say more and we desire that one Article of this our agreement be, that none of the Provinces or their People shall attempt to invade it under color of any old Deeds, or other pretenses whatsoever for in many of these things we have been imposed on, and therefore we disclaim them all, which Bounds now agreed to we begin on the Ohio at the mouth of the Cherokee River [<\/sup><\/a>which is now our just right, and from thence we give up on the South side of Ohio to Kittanning above Fort Pitt, from thence a direct Line to the nearest Fork of the West Branch of Susquehanna thence through the Allegany Mountains along the south side of the said West Branch till we come opposite to the mouth of the Creek called Tiadaghton thence across the Nest Branch & along the East side of that Creek and along the ridge of Burnets Hills to a Creek called Awandae thence down the same to the East Branch of the Susquehanna, and across the same and up the East side of that River to Oswegy, from thence Eastward to Delaware River, and up that River to opposite where Trinaderha falls into Susquehanna, thence to Trienaderha and up the West side thereof and its West Branches to the Head thereof thence by a straight Line to the mouth of Canada Creek where it empties itself into Wood Creek at the end of the long carrying place beyond Fort Stanwix, and this we declare to be our final Resolves and we expect that the conditions of this our Grant will be observed A Belt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brother <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Now as we have made so large a Cession to the King of such\na valuable and Extensive Country, We do expect it as the Terms of our Agreement\nthat strict regard be paid to all our reasonable desires \u2014 We do now on this on\nbehalf and in the name of all our Warriors of every Nation, condition that all\nour Warriors shall have the liberty of hunting throughout the Country as they\nhave no other means of subsistence and as your people have not the same\noccasions or inclinations \u2014 That the White people be restricted from hunting on\nour side of the Line to prevent contentions between us A Belt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brother <\/p>\n\n\n\n

By this Belt we address ourselves to the Great King of\nEngland through You our superintendent in the Name and in behalf of all the Six\nNations Shawnees, Delaware and all other our Friends, Allies, & Dependents,\nWe now tell the King that we have given to him a great and valuable Country,\nand we know that what we shall now get for it must be far short of its value \u2014\nWe make it a condition of this our Agreemt<\/sup> concerning the Line\nthat His Majesty will not forget or neglect to show us His favor or suffer the\nChain to contract Rust, but that he will direct those who have the management\nof our affairs to be punctual in renewing our antient agreements. That as the Mohawks\nare now within the Line which we give to the King, and that these people are\nthe true old heads of the whole confederacy their several villages and all the\nLand they occupy unpatented, about them as also the Residences of any others in\nour confederacy affected by this Cession shall be considered as their sole\nproperty and at their disposal both now, and so long as the sun shines, and\nthat all grants or engagements they have now or lately entered into, shall be\nconsidered as independent of this Boundary so that they who have so little left\nmay not lose the benefit of the sale of it, but that the people, with whom they\nhave agreed, may have the Land \u2014 We likewise further condition on behalf of all\nthe Six Nations and of all our allies, friends & Nephews our Dependents\nthat as we have experienced how difficult it is to get justice or to make our\ncomplaints known and that it is not in the power of our Superintendent to take\ncare of our affairs in different Places without the Kings help that His Majesty\nwill give him help & strength to do us justice and to manage our affairs in\na proper manner. We all know the want of this, and we make it a point of great\nconsequence on which this our present Agreement is to depend and without which\nAffairs will go wrong and our heads may be turned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brother <\/p>\n\n\n\n

We likewise desire that as we have now given up a great deal of Lands within the Bounds that Mr<\/sup> Penn claimed a right of buying that he may in consequence of the agreement now entered into between us, enjoy what we have given within them Limits. And as we know that Lydius of Albany did in the name of several persons lay claim to Lands in Pennsylvania, which we know to be unjust, and that the Deeds he pretends a right to were invalid, We expect that no regard will be paid to them or any such claims now or hereafter, as we have fairly sold them to the proprietors of Pennsylvania to whom alone we shall sell Lands within that Province, and we shall now give them a Deed for that & other Lands there. And in order to shew that we love justice, we expect the Traders who suffered by some of our dependents in the wars five years ago, may have a grant for the Lands we now give them down Ohio, as a satisfaction for their losses, and as our friend Mr<\/sup> Croghan  <\/a>long ago got a Deed for Lands from us, which may now be taken into Mr<\/sup> Penn\u2019s Lands, should it so happen, we request that it may be considered and get as much from the King somewhere else, as he fairly bought it. \u2014 And as we have given enough to shew our Love for the King and make his people easy, in the next place we expect that no old claims which we disavow or new encroachments may be allowed of <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brother, <\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have now gone through this matter and we have shewn\nourselves ready to give the King whatever we could reasonably spare. We on our\nparts express our regard for him and we hope for His favor in return. \u2014 Our\nwords are strong and our resolutions firm & we expect that our request will\nbe complied with in so much as we have so generously complied with all that has\nbeen desired as far as was consistent with our Existence A Belt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sir William then thanked them for what they had said, and\nassured them that it should all be considered, and that he would meet them\ntomorrow on these and other subjects. Then adjourned <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wednesday November\nthe 2d<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The day being very rainy the Indians did not meet in\nCouncil. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sir William clothed a number of Chiefs and Chieftains of\nseveral Nations and was this day busy in preparing the necessary Papers for the\nNext Meeting <\/p>\n\n\n\n

P. M. Sir William met the Mohawks and other Chiefs and endeavored\nto persuade them to extend the Line more favorably to the West of New York\nobservg<\/sup> that they could not agree to extend it further down the\nWood Creek on the South side that he expected they would let it run below the\nCanada Creek, on the North side of Wood Creek, but finding them determined and\nthat they were for closing it at the point of the last purchase near the Mohawk\nRiver, he told them he would stop at the Mouth of Canada Creek & refer the\nremainder to His Majesty\u2019s consideration <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sir William then acquainted the Chiefs that his Excellency\nthe Commander in Chief purposed to evacuate Fort Ontario, or to put it on the\nsame footing with Fort Stanwix, as a measure that would be agreeable to them,\nand that as for any forts, which it was necessary still to keep up, they could\nbe no inconvenience to them They answered that they had nothing to complain of\nagainst the keeping up Ontario, on the footing it was for some time past nor\nwould they make any difficulty about the others whilst they were civilly\ntreated at them, and no encroachments made on their Lands which Sir William\npromisd<\/sup> should be duly attended to. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thursday November the\n3d<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This day was partly employed in preparg<\/sup> the\nseveral Speeches &, the Deed of Cession <\/p>\n\n\n\n

P. M. A Deputation from the Aghquessaine Indians came to\nSir Williams Quarters accompanied by the Oneida chiefs whose interposition with\nhim had been requested in order to accommodate the unhappy difference which had\ngone such lengths in their village that their Priest and many of their people\nwould likely be murdered. A Belt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sir William answered them that he had been extremely\nconcerned to hear of that difference amongst themselves that in consequence\nthereof he had directed Coll Claus the Deputy Agent for that Quarter to enquire\ninto the particulars & to put a stop to it, and that he now had the\npleasure to acquaint them that agreeable to His orders the whole was happily\ndetermined before Coll Claus left Montreal which account gave them all great satisfaction\nA Belt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

At a Congress with\nthe several Nations Friday November 4th<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

PRESENT \u2014 as at the last Meeting<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Onondaga Speaker performed the Ceremony of Condolence,\nfor a loss sustained by the Oneidas after which Sir William addressed the\nseveral Nations <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brothers <\/p>\n\n\n\n

After having duly considered your speech and the Agreement\nyou have at length come into, I am pleased to find that you have so far\ndispatched business Notwithstanding the severity of the approachg<\/sup> season,\nand the distance which many of us are from our dwellings. I gave you all the\ntime necessary for bringing this weighty affair to a deliberate\nconclusion <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brother <\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am glad to find that you remember your old agreements so\nparticularly and I wish you may always observe them, and with that view I\nshould have been glad to have heard you confine your answer to my Belt for\nkeeping the Roads open, to that subject alone, as a free and safe intercourse\nbetween us is so necessary to you <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The promises formerly made you of the happy change which\nwould be produced by the Reduction of Canada you have in many respects\nexperienced as far as it was in the power of his Majesty\u2019s Servants you\nlikewise have had a considerable number of Traders amongst you which has so far\nlowered the Prices of Goods that several of them are become Bankrupts and at\nmany of the Posts they are to be bought at as low rates as at our Towns\nNotwithstanding the distance and expense of Transportation. I am to inform you\nthat it has been judged advisable by the Government to commit that part of\nbusiness regarding the management of the Indian Trade to the care & charge\nof the several Colonies who I make no doubt will endeavour to do everything\nthey can for your interest A Belt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

You have of late made several complaints on account of the\nill behaviour of some people on the Frontiers; those that regarded\nPennsylvania, I have reason to think I finally settled and gave a handsome\nportion of their bounty upon the occasion, and in consequence of the\ninformation I gave the Governor of Virginia thereon, his Assembly passed\nseveral Votes in your favour, which are now before me, whilst the Governor sent\nthis assurance of their good faith and friendship for you and of their\nintentions to prevent you from being ill treated <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here showed and explained the Resolves of the House of\nBurgesses likewise a paper under the Great Seal of the Province of Virginia\nauthorizing Sir William to give to them those favorable assurances. and\nproceeds<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brothers <\/p>\n\n\n\n

I hope all this will convince you that they are your\nfriends and as further proof of it the Gentlemen Commrs<\/sup> from\nthose Provinces will at their return take proper measures for your future good\ntreatment & for the due observance of the Boundary Line by proper Laws for\nthese purposes, according his Majesty\u2019s desires which I shall recommend to\ntheir remembrance. A belt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brothers <\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am glad the Boundary is at length agreed upon, & as\nI have great reason to think it will be duly observed by the English. I\nrecommend it to you to preserve it carefully in remembrance to explain it fully\nto those that are absent and to teach it to your children. This Boundary is\nintended to be lasting but should it be found necessary by His Majesty or\nyourselves to make any future additions or alterations he will treat with you\nby those who have the management of your affairs. And never permit any private\napplication this I have received in command to tell you <\/p>\n\n\n\n

As to the several reservations you make in your Cession to\nthe King and the other points you recommend you may be assured that His Maty\nshall be made acquainted with them, as I shall transmit to him a copy of our\ntransactions at this place & I may venture to assure you that they will\nmeet with all possible regard from a Prince of His clemency & Justice &\nI now give you this Belt to strengthen ratify and confirm the Boundary to all\ntransactions necessary thereto. A Belt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brothers <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The speech which you addressed particularly to His Maty shall be faithfully transmitted to him with the rest of your proceedings. I have attended to the whole of it & I persuade myself that every reasonable article will be taken proper notice of & that he will take such measures as to him shall seem best for your benefit and for the rendering you justice \u2014 I likewise consider your good intentions towards the Traders who sustained the losses & your desire to fulfill all your other engagements as instances of your integrity. I wish that you may on your parts carefully remember & faithfully observe the Engagements you have now as well as formerly entered into with the English, and that you may every day grow more sensible how much it is your Interest to do so And I once more exhort you all to be strong and steadfast to keep firm hold of the Covenant Chain & never to give attention or credit to People who under the Masque of friendship should come amongst you with stories which may tend to weaken your attachment to us, but to keep your eye steadfastly on those whose business & inclination it is to tell you truth & make your minds easy. A Belt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brothers the Shawnees & Delaware <\/p>\n\n\n\n

I now particularly address you, in that you live far to the Southward, & may at some times be disturbed by bad men who taking advantage of our distance from us & the Heads of the Confederacy may by Belts Messages or Stories invented to create mischief impose on many of your people & through their means mislead other Nations I am not ignorant that this has happened & I have good intelligence that there are people who have been lately deceiving some of you with stories of Revolutions in American affairs & of French Fleets & armies, with which you have been so often deceived that I wonder any of your people should credit them \u2014 Be assured, Brothers, that those who were able to conquer Canada, & drive their enemies out of their country, will always have it in their power to defeat their future projects should they be weak enough to make any future attempts to regain what they lost. I do therefore exhort you by this Belt to pay no regard to such deceivers for the future, but continue to live peaceably & let me know who they are, & from whence that attempt to impose upon you. I likewise desire you to remember all your engagements with the English to observe the treaty of Peace with the Cherokees, to avoid any irregularities on the Frontiers & pay due regard to the Boundary Line now made, & to make all your People acquainted with it, & to keep the Roads & Waters open and free whereby you will enjoy the benefits of Peace & Commerce, the esteem of the King of Great Britain & the friendship of all his subjects & I desire you will remember & often repeat my words. A Belt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brothers the Indians of Canada <\/p>\n\n\n\n

With this Belt I recommend it to you to remember what has\nbeen done at this & all former Treaties and to make the same public among\nall your people on your return to Canada recommending it to them to continue to\npromote peace and to discountenance all evil reports & idle Stories which\nmay be propagated by ignorant or bad men & to communicate all useful\nintelligence to me from time to time as a proof of your regard for your\nengagements & a means of recommending yourselves to the esteem of the King\nand people of England. A belt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brothers of the sevl<\/sup> Nations here\nAssembled<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Govr<\/sup> of New Jersey being called hence\nby some urgent business has desired me to inform you that he cannot think of\ntaking leave of His Brethren the Six Nations without once more expressing\nthe Happiness he has received from finding that they entertain such right\nsentiments of his justice, & that of the good people under his Government\nHe has himself the highest sense of the value & importance of the name\nconferred on him & doubts not but that future Governors & the Chief men\n& inhabitants of New Jersey will be ever careful to deserve so\ndistinguished a Title among the Indian Nations as that of Sagorrihwhioughstha –\nDoer of Justice. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Governor has likewise requested me to remind you that\nat a Treaty held at Easton in the year 1758 the Delaware and other Indians who\nhad any pretensions to Land in New Jersey, did for a valuable consideration\ngive a general release for all the Lands in that Province except such parts as\nwere reserved by Law for the use of those Indians who chose to live under the\nprotection of that Governmt<\/sup>. This was done in public Council in the\npresence of many of the Six Nations and the Governor would therefore be glad,\nthat at this Congress (where are present so many Chiefs of the different\nNations belonging to the Confederacy & when a general Boundary Line between\nthe subjects of His Britannic Majesty in America & their Brethren the\nIndians is to be settled) you would do the Province of New Jersey the justice\nto confirm the said Release by acknowledging in public that that Province is\nentirely free from all Indian Claims, except as before mentd<\/sup> His\nReason for this request is that this matter may held in remembrance by all the\nnations present & by that means be more surely handed down to their\nPosterity. A Belt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brothers <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In consequence of a Belt I have just received from the Seneca which I formerly gave them to bind them together I do now think it highly necessary with this Belt to bind you all together recommendg<\/sup> it to you all to avoid wandering and to continue at your several villages after the manner of your ancestors, I do this principally for your own advantage, convinced that you will be weakened by rambling and that your Councils and opinions will be thereby disunited \u2014 Take therefore my advice and do not suffer yourselves to be lead away with any imaginary prospects of advantage by scattering, but continue by this Belt in your several places of abode following your commerce and all peaceable pursuits. A Large Black Belt <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brothers <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The business of the Treaty being so far happily brought to\na conclusion it only remains that you execute a deed of Cession to His Majesty\n& whatever else is necessary on this occasion, after which I shall deliver\nover to your People the large Present, together with the Sum of Money the\namount and value of which I have already explained to you \u2014 The Govrs<\/sup> and\nGentlemen Commrs<\/sup> from the sevl<\/sup> Governmts<\/sup> are\nsensible of your good conduct during the Treaty, and I shall recommend what is\nnecessary to them in your presence for its further security & on the part\nof New York I take upon myself to promise you that everything necessary thereto\nshall be recommended and I make no doubt agreed to by the Legislature of this\nProvince, heartily wishing that the same may on your parts be as carefully\nobserved & that no disputes may hereafter arise concerning any part of the\nCession you have made or the engagements you have entered into at this\ntime. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then Sir William addressed the Govr<\/sup> of New\nJersey & the Commissioners <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gentlemen <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Agreeable to His Majesty\u2019s intentions signified to me by\nthe secretary of State and for the satisfaction of the several Nations here\nassembled I take the liberty to recommend it strongly to your several Provinces\nto enact the most effectual Laws for the due observance of this Line & the\npreventing all future intrusions, as the expectations thereof and the reliance\nthe Indians have on your Justice from the Assurances I gave them on that head\nhave proved great inducements to the settlement of the Line now established\nbetween the Colonies and them <\/p>\n\n\n\n

To this the Governors & Commissioners answered that\nnothing should be wanting on their parts to the obtaining such security for the\nBoundary as was deemed necessary on their return to their respective\nColonies <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then Sir William at the desire of the Gentlemen\nCommissioners from Pennsylvania acquainted the Indians, that they the\nCommissioners had a present ready to the amount of 500 Dollars to give in full\nsatisfaction of the Conostoga Lands, which by the death of that People became\nvested in the Proprietaries \u2014 That they freely gave this sum as a farther Proof\nof the regard of that Province for them and of their concern for the unhappy\nfate of the Conostogas. Then Sir William told the Indians, that as the\nproprietaries did not know whether they would choose money or Goods for the\naddition of Land to Pennsylvania they were then unprovided, but that Sir\nWilliam Johnson would be answerable for the speedy payment of the purchase,\n& would propose to them either to receive it in money to be sent on the Comrs<\/sup> return\nor in goods speedy as possible or to wait till the next spring by which time\nthey could have goods better & more for the same money from England which\nwas submitted to their determination <\/p>\n\n\n\n

As it grew late Sir William dismissed the Indians till the\nnext day when they were to subscribe to the Deed of Cession & receive the\nconsideration <\/p>\n\n\n\n

At night the Chiefs came to Sir William told him that they\nhad considered the proposals made by the Commissioners of Pennsylvania, &\npreferred the receiving the purchase in Cash, as the speediest payment which\nwas agreed to & security given that the same should be paid in Six\nWeeks <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Novr <\/sup>5th<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Present being placed in public view around the\nBuildings within the Fort early this morning the whole assembled in the Area,\nto subscribe to the Deed & receive the consideration <\/p>\n\n\n\n

At a Congress with\nthe several Nations Saturday Nov 5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

PRESENT \u2014 as before. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Speaker after repeating what Sir had said to them on\nthe first Belt at the last Congress said <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brother <\/p>\n\n\n\n

We thank you for what you have said & we are hopeful\nthat you will observe your engagements as we mean to do on our parts; but as\nthis will in a great measure depend upon the Colonies, We now desire their\nRepresentatives here present to do everything for preserving those engagemts<\/sup> and\nkeeping their people in good order. A Belt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then repeating what was said on the second Belt,\nsaid <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brother <\/p>\n\n\n\n

We thank you for the advice you have given us not to\nlisten to evil reports or lies. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brother <\/p>\n\n\n\n

We approve of your caution and shall observe it, and we\nshall from time to time give us the\nearliest intelligence of any such Reports & from whence they come A\nBelt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then in answer to Govr<\/sup> Franklin\u2019s Speech<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brother <\/p>\n\n\n\n

We are glad to see that Governor Franklin is so well pleased with our having bestowed one of our own names upon him & are well pleased to
hear you promise that he will always be ready to do us justice We hope that all future Governors will act the same part. We acknowledge that several of our Nations now present were witnesses to the transaction at Easton & therefore acquit that Province of any demand and we have only to desire of him to follow your example in his future Conduct towards us, which will sufficiently recommend him and his people to our esteem. A Belt  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brother <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The advice you gave us yesterday to continue firm and\nunited and to live together as formerly we think it very salutary and intended\nfor our Good. We are therefore intended to follow your advice shall lodge your\nBelt at our Fire place at Onondaga to the end that all our confederacy may have\nrecourse to it & act accordingly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Deed to His Majesty, that to the Proprietors of Pennsylvania,\nwith that to the Traders being then laid on the Table were executed in the\npresence of the Govr<\/sup> Commissioners, & the rest of the\nGentlemen. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

After which the Chiefs of each Nation received the Cash\nwhich was piled on a Table for that purpose and then proceeded to divide the\nGoods amongst their People which occupied the remainder of that day. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

P. M. The Governor & Commissioners took leave and returned to their respective Provinces and that night Sir William took leave of the Chiefs recommending it to them to remember what had been then transacted & cautioning them against committing any Disorders at their Departure but to pack up their Goods & return home in peace & Good Order <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sunday Nov 6th<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Indians began to decamp & Sir William set off on\nhis return for Johnston Hall where he arrived on the ninth of that Month <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A True Copy examined by <\/p>\n\n\n\n

G JOHNSON Deputy Agent as Secretary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Deed Determining the\nBoundary Line between the Whites and the Indians<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

To all to whom, These presents shall come or may concern.\nWe the Sachems & Chiefs of the Six Confederate Nations, and of the Shawnees,\nDelaware, Mingoes of Ohio and other Dependent Tribes on behalf of ourselves and\nof the rest of our Several Nations the Chiefs & Warriors of whom are now\nhere convened by Sir William Johnson Baronet His Majesty\u2019s Superintendent of\nour affairs send GREETING.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

WHEREAS His Majesty was graciously pleased to propose\nto us in the year one thousand seven hundred and sixty five that a Boundary\nLine should be fixed between the English & us to ascertain & establish\nour Limits and prevent those intrusions & encroachments of which we had so\nlong and loudly complained and to put a stop to the many fraudulent advantages\nwhich had been so often taken of us in Land affairs which Boundary appearing to\nus a wise and good measure we did then agree to a part of a Line and promised to\nsettle the whole finally whenever Sir William Johnson should be fully empowered\nto treat with us for that purpose<\/p>\n\n\n\n

AND WHEREAS His said Majesty has at length given\nSir William Johnson orders to complete the said Boundary Line between the\nProvinces and Indians in conformity to which orders Sir William Johnson has\nconvened the Chiefs & Warriors of our respective Nations who are the true\nand absolute Proprietors of the Lands in question and who are here now to a\nvery considerable Number. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

AND WHEREAS many uneasinesses and doubts have\narisen amongst us which have given rise to an apprehension that the Line may\nnot be strictly observed on the part of the English in which case matters may\nbe worse than before which apprehension together with the dependent state of\nsome of our Tribes and other circumstances which retarded the Settlement and\nbecame the subject of some Debate Sir William Johnson has at length so far\nsatisfied us upon as to induce us to come to an agreement concerning the Line\nwhich is now brought to a conclusion the whole being fully explained to us in a\nlarge Assembly of our People before Sir William Johnson and in the presence of\nHis Excellency the Governor of New Jersey the Commissioners from the Provinces\nof Virginia and Pensilvania and sundry other Gentlemen by which Line so agreed\nupon a considerable Tract of Country along several Provinces is by us ceded to\nHis said Majesty which we are induced to and do hereby ratify & confirm to\nHis said Majesty from the expectation and confidence we place in His royal\nGoodness that he will graciously comply with our humble requests as the same\nare expressed in the speech of the several Nations addressed to His Majesty\nthrough Sir William Johnson on Tuesday the first of the Present Month of November\nwherein we have declared our expectation of the continuance of His Majesty\u2019s\nFavour and our desire that our ancient Engagements be observed and our affairs\nattended to by the officer who has the management thereof enabling him to\ndischarge all these matters properly for our Interest. That the Lands occupied\nby the Mohawks around their villages as well as by any other Nation affected by\nthis our Cession may effectually remain to them and to their Posterity and that\nany engagements regarding Property which they may now be under may be\nprosecuted and our present Grants deemed valid on our parts with the several\nother humble requests contained in our said Speech <\/p>\n\n\n\n

AND WHEREAS at the settling of the said Line it\nappeared that the Line described by His Majesty\u2019s order was not extended to the\nNorthward of Oswegy or to the Southward of Great Kanawha river We have agreed\nto and continued the Line to the Northward on a supposition that it was omitted\nby reason of our not having come to any determination concerning its\ncourse at the Congress held in one thousand seven hundred and sixty five and in\nas much as the Line to the Northward became the most necessary of any for\npreventing encroachments at our very Towns & Residences We have given the\nLine more favorably to Pennsylvania for the reasons & considerations\nmentioned in the Treaty, we have likewise continued it South to Cherokee River\nbecause the same is and we do declare it to be our true Bounds with the\nSouthern Indians and that we have an undoubted right to the Country as far\nSouth as that River which makes our Cession to His Majesty much more\nadvantageous than that proposed,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Now THEREFORE KNOW YE that we the Sachems and Chiefs\naforementioned Native Indians and Proprietors of the Lands herein after\ndescribed for and in behalf of ourselves and the whole of our Confederacy for\nthe considerations herein before mentioned and also for and in consideration of\na valuable Present of the several articles in use amongst Indians which\ntogether with a large sums of money amounts in the whole to the sum of Ten\nthousand four Hundred and Sixty pounds seven shillings and three pence sterling\nto us now delivered and paid by Sir William Johnson Baronet His Majesty\u2019s sole\nAgent and superintendent of Indian affairs for the Northern department of\nAmerica in the Name and on behalf of our Sovereign Lord George the third by the\nGrace of God of Great Britain France and Ireland King Defender of the Faith the\nreceipt whereof we do hereby acknowledge WE the said Indians HAVE for\nus and our Heirs and Successors granted bargained sold released and confirmed\nand by these presents DO Grant bargain sell release and confirm unto our\nsaid Sovereign Lord King George the third, ALL that Tract of Land situate\nin North America at the Back of the British Settlements bounded by a Line which\nwe have now agreed upon and do hereby establish as the Boundary between us and\nthe British Colonies in America beginning at the Mouth of Cherokee or Hogohege\nRiver where it empties into the River Ohio and running from thence upwards\nalong the South side of said River to Kittanning which is above Fort Pitt from\nthence by a direct Line to the nearest Fork of the west branch of Susquehanna\nthence through the Allegany Mountains along the South side of the said West\nBranch until it comes opposite to the mouth of a Creek called Tiadaghton thence\nacross the West Branch and along the South Side of that Creek and along the\nNorth Side of Burnetts Hills to a Creek called Awandae thence down the same to\nthe East Branch of Susquehanna and across the same and up the East side of that\nRiver to Oswegy from thence East to Delaware River and up that River to\nopposite where Tianaderha falls into Susquehanna thence to Tianaderha and up\nthe West side of its West Branch to the head thereof and thence by a direct\nLine to Canada Creek where it empties into the wood Creek at the West of the\nCarrying Place beyond Fort Stanwix and extending Eastward from every part of\nthe said Line as far as the Lands formerly purchased so as to comprehend the\nwhole of the Lands between the said Line and the purchased Lands or\nsettlements, except what is within the Province of Pensilvania, together with\nall the Hereditaments and Appurtenances to the same belonging or appertaining\nin the fullest & most ample manner and all the Estate Right Title Interest\nProperty Possession Benefit claim and Demand either in Law or Equity of each\n& every of us of in or to the same or any part thereof TO HAVE AND TO\nHOLD the whole Lands and Premises hereby granted bargained sold released\nand confirmed as aforesaid with the Hereditaments and appurtenances thereunto\nbelonging under the reservations made in the Treaty unto our said Sovereign\nLord King George the third his Heirs & Successors to and for his and their\nown proper use and behoof for ever<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In WITNESS whereof We the Chiefs of the Confederacy\nhave hereunto set our marks and Seals at FORT STANWIX the fifth day\nof November one Thousand seven hundred and sixty-eight in the ninth year of His\nMajesty\u2019s Reign<\/p>\n\n\n\n

for the Mohawks<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TYORHANSERE als ABRAHAM <\/p>\n\n\n\n

for the Oneidas<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CANAGHQUIESON <\/p>\n\n\n\n

for the Tuscaroras<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SEQUARUSERA <\/p>\n\n\n\n

for the Onondagas<\/p>\n\n\n\n

OTSINOGHIYATA als BUNT <\/p>\n\n\n\n

for the Cayugas<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TEGAAIA <\/p>\n\n\n\n

for the Seneca<\/p>\n\n\n\n

GUASTRAX <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sealed and delivered and the consideration paid in the\npresence of <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wm<\/sup> Franklin Governor of New Jersey <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fre. Smyth Chief Justice of New Jersey<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Walker Commissioner for Virginia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of the Council of Pennsylvania<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Richard Peters<\/p>\n\n\n\n

James Tilghman<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The above Deed was executed in my presence at Fort Stanwix\nthe day and year above Written <\/p>\n\n\n\n

W JOHNSON<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Source: <\/em><\/strong>University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Center for Digital Research in the\nHumanities<\/a><\/strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

http:\/\/www.unl.edu\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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