Primary Sources:
The digitized volumes of the American State Papers listed below, as well as the two volumes of The Spanish Regime in Missouri have been re-OCRed using ABBYY Finereader 15 and split into their individual documents for these projects. The documents are not perfectly clean, but there are far fewer errors than can be found in the previously OCRed volumes available on HathiTrust and the Internet Archive. Each document’s filename is an abbreviation of the volume in which it was found and the document number from the volume’s table of contents to make cross referencing easier. The corpus that the students and Professor Garcia constructed for this class is available for download and reuse at https://github.com/AshleySanders/EarlyAmHistoryDocs.
American State Papers – Public Lands, Volumes 1-6.
American State Papers – Indian Affairs, Volumes 1-2.
Lucy Knox to Henry Knox. 25 October 1777.
Lucy Knox to Henry Knox, 06/11/1780
Mary Keating to Anthony Wayne, 04/07/1794
Mary Keating to Anthony Wayne, 03/08/1795
Mary Keating to Anthony Wayne, 04/24/1795
Houck, Louis. The Spanish Regime in Missouri;a Collection of Papers and Documents Relating to Upper Louisiana Principally within the Present Limits of Missouri during the Dominion of Spain, from the Archives of the Indies at Seville, Etc., Translated from the Original Spanish into English, and Including Also Some Papers Concerning the Supposed Grant to Col. George Morgan at the Mouth of the Ohio, Found in the Congressional Library. Volume 1. Chicago, 1909. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t02z1c82j.
———. The Spanish Regime in Missouri;a Collection of Papers and Documents Relating to Upper Louisiana Principally within the Present Limits of Missouri during the Dominion of Spain, from the Archives of the Indies at Seville, Etc., Translated from the Original Spanish into English, and Including Also Some Papers Concerning the Supposed Grant to Col. George Morgan at the Mouth of the Ohio, Found in the Congressional Library. Volume 2. Chicago, 1909. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t7sn0b41t.
Stevens, John. A New Dictionary, Spanish and English, and English and Spanish. London: Printed for J. Darby [etc.], 1726. http://archive.org/details/newdictionaryspa00stev.
Bibliographic Note
While both letters written by women and letters written by men show love for their spouse, the letters by women emphasize their devotion for their patriarchal leaders and the letters by men include instructions for their wives. For example, Josiah Harmar writes to his wife Sally Harmar about how much he loves and misses her. However, he also tells her to bring “some vegetables with thee, and the whole baggage & don’t forget butter” (Josiah Harmar to Sally Harmar, 01/10/1785). Although his letters show devotion, they also highlight the idea that Josiah is in charge of giving directives to his wife, suggesting men being the leader of their households even while they are away from their families. At the same time, Josiah Harmar also eases his wife’s fears by informing her of his whereabouts and he tells her to not “fear support” because he is well (Josiah Harmar to Sally Harmar, 03/08/1786). Josiah’s letter implies as long as he was healthy and able, his wife did not need to fear not gaining support. This idea that women needed support from men is also implied in the letters from Mary Keating to her cousin Anthony Wayne as Mary, a widow, hopes that Anthony can assist her in returning to her native land. In her letter, she praises him multiple times and reminds him of their cousinship in order to gain his favor (Mary Keating to Anthony Wayne, 04/07/1794).
Secondary Sources
Armstrong, John. Letter from John Armstrong to Josiah Harmar. 12 April 1785. Josiah Harmar Papers, volume 2, William L. Clements Library, University of Michigan.
Banner, Stuart “Written Law and Unwritten Norms in Colonial St. Louis,” Law and History Review 14, no. 1 (1996): 33–80, https://doi.org/10.2307/827613.
Berkin, Carol. Revolutionary Mothers: Women in the Struggle for America’s Independence. New York, 2006.
Buss, James Joseph. Winning the West with Words Language and Conquest in the Lower Great Lakes. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 2011.
Calloway, Colin G. Pen and Ink Witchcraft: Treaties and Treaty Making in American Indian History. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.
Calloway, Colin G. The American Revolution in Indian Country.
Cleary, Patricia. “Sex and Empire in Eighteenth-Century St. Louis.” In Experiencing Empire: Power, People, and Revolution in Early America, edited by Griffin Patrick, 71-87. Charlottesville; London: University of Virginia Press, 2017. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1qv5ph7.7.
Cleary, Patricia. The World, the Flesh, and the Devil: A History of Colonial St. Louis. University of Missouri Press, 2011.
Dowd, Gregory Evans. A Spirited Resistance: The North American Indian Struggle for Unity, 1745-1815. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992.
Foster, Thomas A., ed. Women in Early America. New York, NY: New York Univ. Press, 2015. Lerner, Gerda. The Creation of Patriarchy. Women and History 1. New York: Oxford Univ Press, 1986.
Freund, Rudolf. “Military Bounty Lands and the Origins of the Public Domain.” Agricultural History 20, no. 1 (1946): 8-18. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3739346.
Hamilton, Philip. “The Revolutionary War Lives and Letters of Lucy and Henry Knox.” Google Books. Google. Accessed December 8, 2019. https://books.google.com/books?id=m4Y9DwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Hill, Ruth. “Towards an Eighteenth-Century Transatlantic Critical Race Theory.” Literature Compass 3, no. 2 (March 2006): 53–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-4113.2006.00300.x.
Horsman, Reginald. Expansion and American Indian Policy, 1733-1812. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1967.
Ledolter, Johannes, and Lea Vandervelde. “A Case Study in Text Mining: Textual Analysis of the Territorial Papers.” Digital Scholarship in the Humanities, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqz007 .
Lerner, Gerda. The Creation of Patriarchy. Women and History 1. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1986.
Mann, Rob. “The Silenced Miami: Archaeologial and Ethnohistorical Evidence for Miami-British Relations, 1795-1812.” Ethnohistory 46, no. 3 (July 1999): 399–427.https://www.jstor.org/stable/483197.
Nasatir, A. P. “The Anglo-Spanish Frontier in the Illinois Country during the American Revolution 1779-1783.” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society (1908-1984) 21, no. 3 (1928): 291-358. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40187598.
Nasatir, A. P. “Anglo-Spanish Rivalry on the Upper Missouri,” The Mississippi Valley Historical Review 16, no. 3 (1929): 359-82. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1895064.
O’Callaghan, Jerry A. “The Western Lands, 1776-84: Catalyst for Nationhood.” Journal of Forest History 31, no. 3 (1987): 133-38. doi:10.2307/4005137. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4005137?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents.
O’Neil, Tim. “Look Back 250 • Spanish Try to Rule St. Louis, a Town Tempted by ‘the World, the Flesh and the Devil.’” stltoday.com. Accessed November 10, 2019. https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/illinois/look-back-spanish-try-to-rule-st-louis-a-town/article_ae8e4450-27e5-58fd-a511-5d430bbbfe39.html.
Onuf, Peter S. Statehood and Union: a History of the Northwest Ordinance. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1987.
Prucha, Francis Paul. The Sword of the Republic: The United States Army on the Frontier, 1783-1846. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1987.
Saxine, Ian. Properties of Empire. Indians, Colonists, and Land Speculators on the New England Frontier. New York: New York University Press, 2019.
Scott, Joan Wallach. Gender and the Politics of History. 30th anniversary edition. Gender and Culture. New York: Columbia University Press, 2018.
White, Richard. The Middle Ground: Indians, Empires, and Republics in the Great Lakes Region, 1650-1815. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011.
Williams, Robert A. Jr. Linking Arms Together: American Indian Treaty Visions of Law and Peace, 1600-1800. Taylor & Francis, 1999.